My spouse cheated on me, can I sue for damages?

For most people, marriage means that the two spouses will not have sexual relations with any person except their spouse. Unfortunately, sometimes this right of exclusive sexual access is violated. When this occurs, there is a desire on the part of the innocent spouse to seek revenge against the third party who had sex with their spouse. Massachusetts law used to allow lawsuits for the harm to the marriage caused by the third party. The Common Law which was derived from old English law allowed lawsuits for “alienation of affection” and “criminal conversation.”

The tort of criminal conversation allowed the wronged spouse to sue the paramour for violation of the right of exclusive sexual access from the marriage. In other words, it was a lawsuit against the third party for sex with their spouse. The tort of alienation of affection was a lawsuit against the paramour for causing their spouse to stop having affections within the marriage. This usually resulted in a divorce as a result of the adultery. It was not uncommon for a lawsuit to allege both alienation of affection and criminal conversation.

In Massachusetts, when cheating occurs in a marriage, the wronged party can no longer sue for damages. Massachusetts General Laws Chapter 207, Section 47B prohibits lawsuits for both alienation of affection and criminal conversation. As a result, when cheating occurs in a marriage, the only recourse through the courts is an action for divorce against the spouse.

Cheating in a marriage can be devastating to the innocent spouse. Some couples manage to save their marriage after an affair. Others separate and end the marriage by divorce. When cheating occurs in a marriage, both spouses should consult an experienced family law attorney to determine their rights and understand divorce. Many people need to understand their rights in a divorce before deciding if they want to save their marriage.

Halloween Laws

Every now and then, it is fun to look at ordinary events in our lives and examine how law interacts with the event.   Halloween is one of those events.

Massachusetts was home to the Salem witchcraft trials. These trials occurred in 1692 in which 19 people were convicted of the crime of witchcraft and were executed by the Colony of Massachusetts. A 20^th person was killed because he would not plead guilty or not guilty to the

crime of witchcraft. These infamous trials have been taken to heart by the Town of Salem and Salem now considers itself the center of universe for Halloween celebrations.

While witchcraft was a crime in 1692 it is no longer a crime in Massachusetts. In 1693 the jails were filled with accused witches waiting for trials. All of the people who had been convicted of witchcraft were convicted on what was called spectral or spectoral evidence. This allowed evidence of spectres or visions to be admitted. People were convicted because someone had an unexplained medical condition. The legislature did not repeal witchcraft as a crime. Instead, the legislature banned the admission of spectral evidence. As a result of this change in procedures not a single person was convicted of witchcraft again. Massachusetts still prohibits the admission of spectral evidence in
court.

Today, Massachusetts doesn't have any specific laws for Halloween. Witchcraft is not mentioned in the General Laws of Massachusetts. However, there are a number of laws that arguably relate to Halloween concepts.

Massachusetts has a Dead man's act. Mass.Gen.L. c. 233, § 65. This isn't as scary as it may sound. This law relates to use of statements of a dead person in a court proceeding. It is part of a rule of evidence known as the hearsay rule.

There are a number of dead body laws. If a person removes or disinters a dead body they can be punished by up to three years in the state prison. Mass.Gen.L. c. 272, § 71. It is illegal to sell a dead body or body parts and is punishable by up to two a half years in jail. Mass.Gen.L. c. 272, § 72. Sheriffs and constables are prohibited from seizing a dead body to collect a debt. If they do, they can be punished by six months in jail. Mass.Gen.L. c. 272, § 70. (How does a sheriff collect a debt by seizing a dead body?)

A number of states have court decisions relating to Halloween icons. A few are described below:

In California witches need to be licensed. In re Zsuzsanna Bartha 63 Cal.App.3d 584, 134 Cal.Rptr 39, 91 A.L.R.3^rd 759 (l976). Meanwhile Massachusetts, home of Salem witchcraft, does not license witches.

In 1991, a New York Court found facts to determine that a house was haunted. Stambovsky v. Ackley, 169 A.D.2d 254 (NY App. Div. 1991). The court reached this conclusion based in part on evidence that was spectral in nature. However, the court based its decision on traditional contract concepts.

In the United States, you can't sue the Devil. Someone actually tried that. In U. S. ex rel. Mayo v. Satan and his Staff, 54 F.R.D. 282 (W.D. Pa. 1971) the court dismissed a lawsuit against Satan because as the principality of his own kingdom, he is beyond the jurisdiction of the courts.

It appears that necrophilia is not a crime in Massachusetts. In the case of  Commonwealth v. Costa, 360 Mass. 177 (1971), there were sufficient facts to prosecute for necrophilia but the Commonwealth didn't prosecute for that. While necrophilia may not be a crime, remember, you can't move the body. It appears that necrophilia doesn't constitute adultry either.  Good thing we have no fault divorce for anybody who discovers that their spouse engages in necrophilia.

While Massachusetts doesn't have laws that specifically deal with Halloween, there are a number of laws that are important on Halloween night.

It wouldn't be Halloween without trick or treating. If tricks involve damage to property, that constitutes the crime of vandalism. Mass.Gen.L. c. 266, §§ 94-107. If the trick involves a john then the “trick” is prostitution and is illegal. Mass.Gen.L. c. 272, §§ 53, 53A.

For many people, Halloween means parties. Parties, at any time of year, have the potential for legal problems. It is a crime to serve alcohol to minors. Mass.Gen.L. c. 138, § 34. If a person drinks too much at a party and then drives and has an accident, the host of the party can be sued for the resulting injuries. This is known as social host liability and exists in Massachusetts. Most towns have ordinances that prohibit parties from making too much noise late at night. Usually police give a warning when they first arrive at the home where a noisy party exits. However, they may have the power to arrest for the offense of making noise late at night.

Halloween celebrating can result in some people drinking and driving. Massachusetts prohibits operating a motor vehicle under the influence of alcohol. Mass.Gen.L. c. 90, § 24.

Halloween should be a time for fun.  Have a happy Halloween and make sure you don't move any dead bodies, do any illegal tricks, or party too hard.  If you do any of these things, you may have to hire a lawyer which could be scarier than any costumed person who shows up at your door.